However, they must be suitable for their intended use, regardless of whether they are functional or cosmetic. Their research, development, and quality control processes are heavily reliant on the ...

Research has shown that reactions of alpha-hydroxy acids, similar to the alpha-amino acids that make up modern proteins, form large polymers easily under conditions presumed prevalent on early Earth.

Different thermal analysis methods have become a popular route for determining how different polymers behave under different temperature environments. Some polymers can be used in high-temperature ...