Instrumental variable methods are a third analytic approach that estimate the effect of an intervention in observational data without requiring the factors that differ between the intervention groups ...

In science and everyday life, the act of observing or measuring something sometimes changes the thing being observed or ...

Observation of nurses during drug administration at a U.K. hospital did not significantly affect the MAE rate; nor did tactful interventions made by the observers to prevent serious errors. Observer ...

Statisticians point out that medical and other observational studies often produce results that are later shown to be incorrect. They now suggest ways to fix the system. S. Stanley Young, assistant ...

Our Earth observation activities are guided by current and future scientific, societal, political and economic challenges posed by global processes and changes. Earth observation using remote sensing ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract A procedure is described for observation and enumeration of microscopic epilithic algae, directly on stone surfaces. The method involves the ...

Journal of Research in Music Education, Vol. 43, No. 2 (Summer, 1995), pp. 127-138 (12 pages) The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of competency-based self-analysis of videotape ...